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    Wisconsin Lawyer
    September 01, 1999

    Wisconsin Lawyer September 1999: Practice Tips

     

    Practice Tips


    Multidisciplinary Practice:
    What Will It Mean for the Smaller Firm?

    Incursions into the legal market by nonlawyers and business service firms will continue. Here are some strategies small and mid-sized firms could use to compete with the "one-stop shopping" these nontraditional competitors offer to clients of legal and other professional services.

    By Norman Clark

    The report and recommendations of the American Bar Association's Commission on Multidisciplinary Practice have sparked a debate in the American legal profession unlike any since the abolition of the ban on lawyer advertising. In August 1999 the ABA House of Delegates considered and voted against the commission's recommendation to eliminate the Rule 5.4 prohibition against nonlawyer ownership of law firms, saying, in effect, the issue requires more study. And the battle is likely to rage on, as state bar associations and legislatures debate the issues surrounding multidisciplinary practice.

    ArmwrestleTechnically, a multidisciplinary practice (MDP) is an organization owned wholly or in part by nonlawyers that provides legal services directly to the public through owner or employee lawyers. In practice, MDPs also include otherwise independent law firms owned only by lawyers which practice in close cooperation with professional service firms owned exclusively or partly by nonlawyers, usually under a contractual arrangement. The MDP issue generally is considered in the context of Big Five accounting firms entering law practice as a new service area.

    Not all the battle lines have been drawn, but the report has drawn and is drawing heavy fire from large law firms, who see a competitive threat from the prospect of law firms being owned by the global accounting firms and financial service companies. Many smaller firms and solo practitioners, however, see distinct opportunities in MDPs.

    Regardless of the ultimate resolution of the debate, incursions into the legal market by nonlawyers and business service firms outside the legal profession will continue. Many business clients are attracted to the "one-stop shopping" that these nontraditional competitors offer. [Editor's Note: Please also see "Multidisciplinary Practices: Service Package of the Future?" in the April 1999 WL.]

    Small and mid-sized firms need to start now to consider how they will respond to continued - and possibly even greater - incursions into the legal market. This trend is not going to reverse. If MDPs enter the American legal market, the new competitive dynamics they could introduce could aggravate existing vulnerabilities of smaller firms. In short, strategic planning is no longer advantageous; it has become essential.

    Today's vulnerabilities and challenges

    Small and mid-sized are relative terms. In large metropolitan areas, a firm of 50 lawyers might be considered small. In a smaller market, the same firm might be the biggest in town. For purposes of this discussion, a small firm is one with fewer than 40 lawyers. A mid-sized firm has 40 to 75 lawyers, but many of the vulnerabilities of these firms also apply to some firms with as many as 150 lawyers.

    The consolidation and shakeout of the American legal market has hit small and mid-sized firms particularly hard. Two types of small and mid-sized firms have been shown to be at competitive risk:

    1. Full-service firms. A small or mid-sized firm that tries to be "full service" can quickly find its expertise spread too thin. Although competent in many areas of the law, it stands out in none. It gives prospective clients few reasons to select them.
    2. One-city law firms. Geographic expansion is one of the most important characteristics of a mature market. The client bases of many small and mid-sized firms are being assaulted by larger statewide, regional, or national firms that move into town. Sometimes the new firm merely opens a branch office. More frequently, the incursion is achieved by merger. A small or mid-sized firm that is unwilling to consider expanding its geographic reach will find it hard to react to and compensate for new competitors in their market.

       

    Increased competition presents small and mid-sized firms with serious challenges. Here are some of the challenges that Altman Weil's small and mid-sized clients most frequently mention:

    • increased difficulty getting and keeping institutional clients;
    • loss of long-term clients to larger, aggressive law firms;
    • loss of long-term clients who merge or are acquired;
    • demands from some clients that the firm take on additional work;
    • growing price sensitivity in some practice areas; and
    • difficulty recruiting and keeping high-quality associates, paralegals, and support staff.

       

    The MDP impact

    Each of these vulnerabilities and challenges will continue into the new century, with or without MDPs. If the Big Five accounting firms, financial services companies, and insurance companies directly enter the American legal market, their presence will raise the competition to a new level. Today's vulnerabilities could be aggravated into potentially fatal strategic and business weaknesses.

    If a small or mid-sized firm has trouble building and keeping an institutional client base today, it will be even more difficult with MDPs in the legal market. If larger firms are already aggressively moving into small-firm markets, the MDPs will be even more formidable competitors, with their worldwide brand name recognition, established client base, and marketing resources.

    The legal market is already tough enough for many small and mid-sized firms. MDPs will make it even tougher.

    To do nothing is fatal

    Many small and mid-sized firms are asking, "Must we get larger to remain competitive? If we don't merge now, will we be left behind?"

    There is no universal answer. Each firm must examine its own client base, its practice areas, its market, and its internal culture in order to chart the right strategic course. As already noted, some small and mid-sized firms may have to grow in order to keep key clients. Others may be forced, by local market conditions, to expand geographically. The quick growth and access to new markets and new clients that a merger can provide may be the best course for many small and mid-sized firms. For others, limited but targeted organic growth may be the best strategic decision, but it will require careful planning, commitment, and agility. One thing is clear, however. To do nothing will be fatal.

    Essential strategies for small and mid-sized firms

    What will a small or mid-sized firm need to do in order to survive in what is likely to become an even more competitive legal market? How can it compete against the MDPs? Here is how some small and mid-sized firms are already planning for the MDP incursion.

    Get closer to the client than ever before. Corporate clients consistently tell Altman Weil Inc. that one of the most important factors in selecting outside counsel is knowledge of the client's business. Small and mid-sized firms will need to demonstrate a thorough and more sophisticated understanding of client business needs and objectives. The accounting firms will market their knowledge of the client's business from an accounting or business consulting perspective. To compete against them, law firms will need to differentiate themselves in terms of superior understanding of the legal issues affecting the business, as well as their strategic implications.

    Small and mid-sized firms will have to give their institutional clients, in particular, sound reasons not to switch to their accounting firm for legal services. "Partnering" will have to become a day-to-day reality, not just a slogan.

    Pay attention to business basics. When MDPs enter the American market, the first casualties will be the law firms whose partners disdain the notion of the practice of law being a business. Many small and mid-sized law firms already operate on slender margins. Most have less tolerance for loss - whether loss of profit on a matter or loss of a client. Attention to the basic forces that drive profitability - rates, productivity, realization, cost control, associate and staff compensation, and leverage - will be more important than ever before.

    Invest heavily in associates. "We know that associate leverage is important, but we can't recruit or keep them." Associate retention and development have become important issues for every law firm, but especially for small and mid-sized firms, which tend to have the lowest associate-to-partner ratios. This situation is made worse when associates have "paid their dues" and are ready for admission to partnership. By contract, the Big Five professional services firms tend to be very well-leveraged. This allows them to cut prices in order to gain market share, and still make a profit.

    As they compete against new providers of legal services, small and mid-sized law firms will need to invest more heavily in associate retention and development. Professional development will need to go beyond professional mentoring and learning legal skills. Associates also will need to learn how to develop clients, market themselves and others of the firm, and write and execute individual business and marketing plans. Delegation of legal work to associates will no longer be just a profitability strategy. It will become a survival skill.

    Agility. One of the Big Five firms recently ran an advertisement that shows an elephant walking a tightrope. The caption reads, "Agility, not size, is important."

    The recent history of the U.S. legal profession has been one paradigm shift after another: advertising, computers, the growth of mega-firms, and a global legal market. The incursion of MDPs could very well be the next shift. Small and mid-sized firms have to set a strategic course, but at the same time, they must be willing and able to make course corrections as new challenges and opportunities arise. "If it ain't broke, don't fix it" is bad advice for the new legal market. Instead, small and mid-sized firms must be willing to adapt, change, and innovate in order to continue to meet the rapidly changing needs and expectations of their clients.

    ClarkNorman K. Clark is a principal in Altman Weil Inc. He works with law firms and corporate and legal departments to improve profitability and productivity. His professional background is as a trial attorney, trial judge, law professor, and legal services manager. Reprinted with permission of Altman Weil Inc.

    Some small and mid-sized firms already see multidisciplinary practice as an opportunity to construct new packages of business services and products around a legal core. It is not unimaginable that some of the most successful MDPs in a local market may be ones built by small and mid-sized law firms. As one small-firm partner recently said, "We can fight back."

    What's next?

    It is too early to predict whether, or to what extent, the MDP Commission's recommendations - after further study - will be approved. Even if they ultimately are adopted by the ABA House of Delegates, it may be several years before the Big Five and other financial services companies enter the legal market.

    No law firm - and especially not a small or mid-sized one - can afford to wait and see what will happen. Each small and mid-sized firm should take advantage of this time to develop and execute a serious, well-thought-out strategic plan. This can't be done in a single weekend or by one or two partners. Instead, it should be an ongoing effort that involves everyone in the firm to some extent.

    The first years of the new century will be interesting and challenging for small and mid-sized firms. The advice of futurist Joel Barker has special meaning for smaller firms, particularly as they consider the potential impact of multidisciplinary practice in the United States:

    "You can and should shape your own future; because if you don't, someone else will surely do it for you."


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